江西成人高考学位英语考试:常用英语惯用语辨析
(1)no standing与free-standing:
no standing意思是不准在此停车(即便司机还在车上也不可以),也就是dont stop或no car at all,一般用在大城市交通十分拥挤的地方。至于no parking,意思也是不准在此停车,但司机还可以坐在车里一段时间,必要时,可随时移动车子,也就是you may stay in your car for a short period of time。例如:
In New York City there are manyno standingsigns posted on the streets.
在纽约市,路上有很多不准停车的牌子。
No parkingsigns sprang up around the school campus in America.
美国校园里出现一些不准停车的路牌。
但是free-standing(adj,in dividual or separate building for a specific purpose),意思是独立式的,多指为特别作用与功效而盖的单独建筑物或指一大建筑物的某种装饰。例如:
There is a new free-standing restaurant near the down town area.
在市中心区附近有座新的独立饭店。
(2)break the house与 housebreak:
housebreak(to train pets to live proper hygiene at home)是指练习狗、猫等宠物,使其能在指定的地址大、小便,以维持家里的卫生。例如:
Pet owners should housebreak their dogs and cats.
宠物主人应该练习狗猫的卫生习惯。
但是break the house的意思是damage the house。例如:
Accidentally, he broke the house by backing up his car.
他倒车时,意料之外碰坏了房屋。
(3)kick off 与 tip off:
kick off(officially start or beg in something)(有时也指球赛)意思是指什么事情的正式开始。例如:
Our school has recently kicked off a mass fundraising campaign.
大家学校最近发起一次大规模的筹款运动。
但是,tip off(the beginning of official basketball game)虽然也指开始,不过多半是指篮球开赛前,裁判开球让两边球员争球。例如:
The players tipped off the basketball game at 2:00 yesterday afternoon.
篮球赛于昨天下午两点开始。
to tip somebody off(to inform somebody)意思是通知某人。
(4)in line与on the line:
in line有很多意义,但最容易见到的意思是服从,不越轨,或按次序(obey,con trol or in the order)。例如:
The government is trying to keep the price of gas in line.
政府正设法控制汽油的价钱。反之,out of line就是出格,不妥或举止不当。例如:
His opinions are out of line with reality.
他的建议是不合实质的。然而,(something)on the line意思又是以某种事物为赌注或冒险。例如:
Many police have put their lives on the line.
很多警察都冒着生命的危险。
If you continue to be hostile toward me, our friendship will be on the line.
倘若你继续与我敌对,大家的友谊就有危险。
on-line指智能化,电脑化。例如:
All the libraries in the U.S.are on- line.美国所有图书馆都是电脑化。
(5)gifted child与exceptional child:
gifted child一般是指IQ非常高的孩子;美国中、小学也有gifted and talented program(简称G and T program),目前也叫 magnet program。但是exceptional child是指特殊儿童,可能是指IQ非常高,
也会指 low IQ,除非在句子里特不要说明,不然一般老外倒觉得是IQ较低或retarded child。例如:
There are many gifted children in her class.
她班上有非常多IQ非常高的孩子。
注:美国政府对低能孩子的教育,反而十分看重,由于政府期望低能学生也能成为社会有用的份子。
They can be more productive members of society.
(6)block out与black out:
to block out(to plan something ahead)意思是草拟大纲或订出某种计划。例如:
Her boss prefers her to block out her annual vacation time.
老板要她订出每年度假的时间。
但是black out的意思,多半是指停电(no electricity)。例如:
This block was blacked out for hours last night.
这个街区昨晚停电几个小时。
California has experienced many black-outs this year.
今年加州多次停电。
(7)off course与of course:
off course(out of line or in a wrong direction ;not in the designated area)意思是偏离方向或越出指定的范围。例如:
The ship was 200 international nautical miles off course.
那船偏离航向200国际海里。
反之,on course(right direction)就是正确方向。例如:
President Bush is trying to put American economy on course.
布什总统设法使美国经济走上正轨。
但是of course意思是当然或自然(as a matter of fact)。例如:
Of course, we will have turkey for Thanksgiving.
感恩节大家当然要吃火鸡。
They, of course, are excellent students in my class.
他们当然是我班上最好的学生。
(8)wanted poster与 want ad:
wanted poster一般是指通缉公告。例如:
I saw several FBI wanted posters in the city.
我在城里看到几张联邦调查局的通缉布告。
但是want ad多半是指报纸杂志刊登的人找事或事找人的广告。例如:
If you need a job, check the want ads in the newspaper.
He got a job through a newspaper want ad.
他从报纸的广告里找到一份工作。
至于,help wanted是指需要助手(need a helper),而job wanted是指需要工作
(need a job)。例如:
I will put a help wanted ad in our local newspaper.
我要在地方报纸上刊登广告找助手。
(9)to tidy up与to tie up:
to tidy up意思是整理或清理(to clean up)。例如:
He is tidying up his garage.(desk, car,etc.)
他正在清理车库。
至于to tie up loose ends(to finish up something)又是一个十分常见的短语,意思是拾掇零碎东西或完成某事。例如:
I have to tie up loose ends be fore immigrating to Canada.
我移民到加拿大前,需要办完零碎事情。(诸如打行李包等)
Prior to her retirement, she has to tie up loose ends.
她在退休前需要办完一些零碎的事情。
(10)Surgeon General与chief surgeon:
Surgeon General是美国公共卫生部部长,也就是学会美国三军、联邦、州政府大众健康的最高官员(chief medical officer for the U.S.public health services)(或许由于与美国军队有关,故用 general)。例如:
The Surgeon General was appointed by the President of the U.S..
美国公共卫生部部长是由总统任命。
但是,chief surgeon是指一般医院的手术室主任。
Normally, the chief surgeon will perform the most delicate operations.
一般手术室主任实行最复杂的手术。
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