2020年江西成考专升本英语易混词语解说

1.able, capable, competent

able为常用词,指具备做某事所需的力量,方法,常识与时间等,一般下效率无关,用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。)

capable 指满足一般需要的能力,可以是表现出来的,也可是潜在的,搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定语,表示的能力没able表示的能力强。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位非常不错的医生。)

competent 指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等练习的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (大夫应该能治多种病。)

2.aboard, abroad, board, broad

aboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.

abroad 副词,在海外或国外。如:He often goes abroad.

board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.

broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders.

3.accept, receive

accept 同意,receive“接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. (昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没同意邀请。)

4.accident, incident, event

accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)

incident“附带事件”,在政治上特引导起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。

event “事件”,指特别要紧的事件,一般是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社会的事件。

5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain

accomplish表成功,强调完成的结果而不是过程。如:Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (因为他的努力,事情都已完成了。)

complete 表示积极的完成,更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小说写完了吗?)

finish 最常用,后接动词的-ing形式,表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。如:I’ll finish the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。)

achieve 完成,达成,强调通过努力而达到目的。如:You will achieve success if you work hard.

Attain达到,达成,常用于普通人的能力不容易达到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.

6.accurate, correct, exact, precise

accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。)

correct“正确的”,指符合肯定的准则或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong.

exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步,表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。

precise强调“精确”,“精密”。

7.accuse, charge, sue

accuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.

charge 常与with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.

sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.

8.achieve, acquire, require, inquire

achieve(成功地)完成,达成。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作,将会一事无成。)

acquire得到,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得常识)

inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a person’s name(问一个人的名字)

require需要。如:We require more help. (大家需要更多的帮忙。)

9.act, action, deed

act 用作名词时,与action, deed均可表“行为”,“举动”。Act指时间较短的个人行动或行为,强调结果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (农夫在孩子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。)

action较正式,往往指不止包含一个步骤,且持续时间较长的行为或行动,强调行为的过程。如:Actions are more important than words. (行动比语言更要紧。)

deed为正式用语,多指伟大的,显著的,感人的行为。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他们感谢他做的好事。)

10.actual, true, real, genuine

actual 意为“实质的”,“现实的”,指所形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在,而不是仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。

true“真实的”,指与实质相符,而非不真实。

genuine “真的”,“非冒充的”,“货真价实的”,强调正宗而非冒牌。

11.adequate, enough, sufficient

adequate 足够的,指数目多,适合需要的数目。

enough足够的,指数目多,足够满足某种目的或愿望。

sufficient同enough,常可互换采用。但sufficient指数目多,足够满足某种需要,在口语中常用enough,在书面语中常用sufficient,在不容易一定时多用enough。Enough可放在被修饰名词后,且可作副词,sufficient则不可这么用。

12.admit, confess

两者都表“承认”。

admit指大胆地承认以前试图不论或推诿的坏事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window. (约翰已承认打破了窗玻璃。)

Confess常指承认错误,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承认了罪行。)

13.advice,advise

advice劝告(名词)。如:I want to give you some advice.

advise劝告(动词)。如:What do you advise me to do?

14.adopt, adapt

adopt (1)收养。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们自身没孩子,所以决定收养一个小女生。)(2)采纳,使用,通过。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了大家的建议。)

adopt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是“使适合”,“改编”等。

15.advance, proceed, progress

均可表“前进”。

advance表向一个特定的目的地,在肯定的时间或空间内稳定地向前运动。如:Napoleon’s army advanced on Moscow. (拿破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进。)

proceed强调从一处向另一处的运动,常表停顿后继续前进。如:They proceeded from London to Paris. (他们从伦敦往巴黎前进。)

peogress 多表自然过程,指成长,进步等稳定地或循环往复地前进。如:The year is progressing, it will soon be summer. (光阴似箭,非常快又是夏季了。)

16.advantage, benefit, profit

advantage 常指一种使某人处于比别的人相对有利的地位,机会或机会。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受过好的教育对他十分有利。)

profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年挣钱了吗?)

benefit 指物质利益或精神方面有哪些好处。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。)

17.advise, convince, persuade

均可表“劝说”。

advise表建议,规劝某人应该做某事或怎么样做。如:He advised me to put my money in the bank. (他劝我把钱存入银行。)

convince指向某人陈述事实,运用推理或逻辑证明使某人信服。如:We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane. (大家说服了史密斯乘火车而不乘飞机前往。)

persuade指用感情说服某人去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back to work. (我说服他回去工作了。)

18.affect, effect

affect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects health.

effect成效,影响(名词)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.

19.afford, provide, supply

都有“提供,供给”的意思。

afford一般只用于抽象事物。

provide 和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连用,构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。

20.agree, consent

agree 为常用词。如:Do you agree to the condition? (你同意这个条件吗?)

consent为正式用词,多用于上下级的关系,表示同意其他人的需要或请求。如:Did the king consent to your plan?(国王同意你的计划吗?)

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